The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial
Erin E. Krebs, MD, MPH; Amy Gravely, MA; Sean Nugent, BA; Agnes C. Jensen, MPH; Beth DeRonne, PharmD; Elizabeth S. Goldsmith, MD, MS; Kurt Kroenke, MD; Matthew J. Bair; Siamak Noorbaloochi, PhD
IMPORTANCE Limited evidence is available regarding long-term outcomes of opioids compared with nonopioid medications for chronic pain.